Fix #14990: FP memleak with function call through function pointer - #8813

I am not sure why but there was significant slowdown in CI (selfchecking) after this?

AI review

New problem: a lost deallocuse warning. On the merge-base, passing a freed pointer to a call through a function pointer (free(p); (*cb)(p);) or to the result of a call (free(p); get()(p);) gives deallocuse. With this PR the warning is gone. The new branches set tok = lpar->link() (and return anonOpeningPar->link()), so the arguments never reach the dealloc‑use check in checkTokenInsideExpression. Calls through plain names (foo(p), cb(p)) do not warn on the merge-base either. So this warning was specific to these call forms, but it was a real use-after-free detection and the PR drops it silently.

The FP is only partly fixed. It is fixed for (*cb)(p), (s->fp)(p), (*s.fp)(p), (*fps[0])(p), (c ? a : b)(p) and get()(p). It remains for function-pointer calls through a subscript, such as fps[0](p) and s->fps[1](p) (dispatch tables), and for chained calls like get2()()(p).

I found no crash, hang or slowdown. I also found no other result changes on the cfg test files.

Testing

• I built cppcheck and testrunner in pr/, and cppcheck in base/.
• ./testrunner TestLeakAutoVar TestLeakAutoVarStrcpy TestLeakAutoVarRecursiveCountLimit TestLeakAutoVarWindows TestLeakAutoVarPosix ran 161 tests with 0 failures.
• I ran base and PR on test/cfg/{posix,std,gnu}.c, test/cfg/{std,windows}.cpp and lib/checkleakautovar.cpp. The output was identical, and the run time was the same (215s vs 214s).
• I tried about 40 small cases: function pointers, lambdas (including immediately invoked ones), functors, casts, sizeof, conditions, assignments, and nested or chained calls. The intended cases improve. There were no new false positives besides the one already raised in comments.md.

Regression: deallocuse is lost (c1.c)

#include <stdlib.h>
typedef void (*fn_t)(void*);
fn_t get(void);
void u1(void (*cb)(void*)) {
    char *p = malloc(10);
    free(p);
    (*cb)(p);
}
void u3(void) {
    char *p = malloc(10);
    free(p);
    get()(p);
}

Command: cppcheck -q --template='{line}:{column}:{id}' c1.c

• base: 7:11:deallocuse and 12:11:deallocuse
• PR: no output

FPs that remain (d1.c)

#include <stdlib.h>
typedef void (*fn_t)(void*);
typedef fn_t (*fn2_t)(void);
fn2_t get2(void);
struct S { fn_t fps[2]; };
void k1(fn_t *fps) { char *p = malloc(10); fps[0](p); }
void k4(struct S *s) { char *p = malloc(10); s->fps[1](p); }
void k5(void) { char *p = malloc(10); get2()()(p); }

The PR still reports memleak for all three functions, the same as base. Base and PR agree on these cases; the PR only fixes the parenthesised forms.

Automated review of cd4f032 by Claude. The pull request was built and tested locally.

AI review

I found no new problems in the current head (a0fa6fb). The earlier reviews already raised the problems I know of: the lost deallocuse warning, the deallocuse false positive for (*cb)(fclose(f)), and the remaining false positives for chained calls. The latest commit also handles subscript calls such as fps[0](p), v[0](p), m["k"](p) and this->fps[0](p). Things that look like these calls but are not did not lose any real leak warnings: casts to unknown types, a[i] < 0, if (a[i]), (p)[0], new S[n]() and delete [] (p).

Testing

• Build: cppcheck and testrunner built in pr/, and cppcheck built in base/, without errors.
• Unit tests: ./testrunner TestLeakAutoVar ran 149 tests with 0 failures (10 todos).
• Comparison with base: I wrote small files in scratch/ and ran both versions with cppcheck -q --template='{line}:{column}:{id}:{message}'.
  • Subscript calls (t3.cpp): the PR removes the memleak false positive for v[0](p) with a std::vector<fn>, for m["k"](p) with a std::map, and for this->fps[0](p).
  • Leaks that must still be found (t3.cpp): the PR still reports memleak for a[0](NULL), (*g)(1)(p), int x = a[0] < 0 ? 1 : 2;, if (a[i]) {} and a[i] = (p)[0];. It still reports doubleFree for a[0](p); free(p); free(p);.
  • Casts and parentheses (t2.c): casts to unknown types such as (mylong_t)(p[0]), (MYVOID)(p) and (u8)(*p) + 1, and if (a) (p)[0] = 1;, give the same leaks on base and PR.
  • new, delete and functors (t1.cpp): new char[n]() and delete [] (p); p[0]=1; give the same results on base and PR. A<int>()(p) (a templated functor) no longer gives a memleak, as intended. The deallocuse warning for free(p); (g)(p); with a lambda is lost, which was already reported.
  • Conditions and returns (t4.cpp): if ((*cb)(p) < 0) return 1; no longer gives the false positive. return (*cb)(NULL); and int r = (*cb)(NULL); still report the leak.
• cfg files: I ran base and PR on test/cfg/{qt,wxwidgets,boost,windows}.cpp and test/cfg/gtk.c, with the matching --library and --check-library --enable=information. The output was identical, with no crashes or hangs.

Automated review of a0fa6fb by Claude. The pull request was built and tested locally.